強電

強電這(zhè)一概念是相對(duì)于弱電而言，一般并無電壓電流的(de)具體界限劃分(fēn)。

人(rén)們習(xí)慣分(fēn)爲強電(電力)和(hé)弱電(信息)兩部分(fēn)。兩者既有聯系又有區(qū)别，一般來(lái)說強電的(de)處理(lǐ)對(duì)象是能源(電力)，其特點是電壓高(gāo)、電流大(dà)、功率大(dà)、頻(pín)率低，主要考慮的(de)問題是減少損耗、提高(gāo)效率，弱電的(de)處理(lǐ)對(duì)象主要是信息，即信息的(de)傳送和(hé)控制，其特點是電壓低、電流小、功率小、頻(pín)率高(gāo)，主要考慮的(de)是信息傳送的(de)效果問題，如信息傳送的(de)保真度、速度、廣度、可(kě)靠性。一般來(lái)說，弱電工程包括電視工程、通(tōng)信工程、消防工程、保安工程、影(yǐng)像工程等等和(hé)爲上述工程服務的(de)綜合布線工程。弱電是針對(duì)強電而言的(de)。強電=(380/220)、高(gāo)壓不管。

在電力系統中，36v以下(xià)的(de)電壓稱爲安全電壓，3kv以下(xià)的(de)電壓稱爲低壓，3kv以上的(de)電壓稱爲高(gāo)壓，直接供電給用(yòng)戶的(de)線路稱爲配電線路，如用(yòng)戶電壓爲380/220v，則稱爲低壓配電線路，也(yě)就是家庭裝修中所說的(de)強電(因它是家庭使用(yòng)最高(gāo)的(de)電壓)。強電一般是指交流電電壓在24V以上。如家庭中的(de)電燈、插座等，電壓在110V~220V。家用(yòng)電氣中的(de)照(zhào)明(míng)燈具、電熱(rè)水(shuǐ)器、取暖器、冰箱、電視機、空調、音(yīn)響設備等用(yòng)電器均爲強電電氣設備。

智能化(huà)系統爲建築設備監控系統、安全防範系統、通(tōng)訊網絡系統、信息網絡系統、火災自動報警及消防聯動等系統，以集中監視、控制和(hé)管理(lǐ)爲目的(de)構成的(de)綜合系統;家庭内各種數據采集、控制、管理(lǐ)及通(tōng)訊的(de)控制或網絡系統等線路，則稱爲智能化(huà)線路(也(yě)就是家庭裝修中所說的(de)弱電)。弱電一般是指直流電路或音(yīn)頻(pín)、視頻(pín)線路、網絡線路、電話(huà)線路，直流電壓一般在24V以内。家用(yòng)電氣中的(de)電話(huà)、電腦(nǎo)、電視機的(de)信号輸入(有線電視線路)、音(yīn)響設備(輸出端線路)等用(yòng)電器均爲弱電電氣設備。

弱電

弱電一般是指直流電路或音(yīn)頻(pín)、視頻(pín)線路、網絡線路、電話(huà)線路，直流電壓一般在32V以内。家用(yòng)電器中的(de)電話(huà)、電腦(nǎo)、電視機的(de)信号輸入(有線電視線路)、音(yīn)響設備(輸出端線路)等用(yòng)電器均爲弱電電氣設備。

建築中的(de)弱電主要有兩類：一類是國家規定的(de)安全電壓等級及控制弱電電壓等低電壓電能，有交流與直流之分(fēn)，如24V直流控制電源，或應急照(zhào)明(míng)燈備用(yòng)電源。另一類是載有語音(yīn)、圖像、數據等信息的(de)信息源，如電話(huà)、電視、計算(suàn)機的(de)信息。

狹義上的(de)建築弱電主要是指：安防(監控、周界報警、停車場(chǎng))、消防(電氣部分(fēn))、樓控以及網絡綜合布線和(hé)音(yīn)頻(pín)系統等。

強電和(hé)弱電從概念上講，一般是容易區(qū)别的(de)，主要區(qū)别是用(yòng)途的(de)不同。強電是用(yòng)作一種動力能源，弱電是用(yòng)于信息傳遞。它們大(dà)緻有如下(xià)區(qū)别：

1

交流頻(pín)率不同

強電的(de)頻(pín)率一般是50Hz(赫)，稱“工頻(pín)”，意即工業用(yòng)電的(de)頻(pín)率：弱電的(de)頻(pín)率往往是高(gāo)頻(pín)或特高(gāo)頻(pín)，以KHz(千赫)、MHz(兆赫)計。

2

傳輸方式不同

強電以輸電線路傳輸，弱電的(de)傳輸有有線與無線之分(fēn)。無線電則以電磁波傳輸。

3

功率、電壓及電流大(dà)小不同

強電一般電壓在36V以上，弱電電壓一般低于36V。

4

分(fēn)類

建築中的(de)弱電主要有兩類：一類是國家規定的(de)安全電壓等級及控制電壓等低電壓電能，有交流與直流之分(fēn)，如24V直流控制電源，或應急照(zhào)明(míng)燈備用(yòng)電源。另一類是載有語音(yīn)、圖像、數據等信息的(de)信息源，如電話(huà)、電視、計算(suàn)機的(de)信息。

功能及應用(yòng)

電力應用(yòng)按照(zhào)電力輸送功率的(de)強弱可(kě)以分(fēn)爲強電與弱電兩類。建築及建築群用(yòng)電一般指交流220V50Hz及以上的(de)強電。主要向人(rén)們提供電力能源，将電能轉換爲其他(tā)能源，例如空調用(yòng)電，照(zhào)明(míng)用(yòng)電，動力用(yòng)電等等。

智能建築中的(de)弱電主要有兩類，一類是國家規定的(de)安全電壓等級及控制電壓等低電壓電能，有交流與直流之分(fēn)，交流36V以下(xià)，直流24V以下(xià)，如24V直流控制電源，或應急照(zhào)明(míng)燈備用(yòng)電源。另一類是載有語音(yīn)、圖像、數據等信息的(de)信息源，如電話(huà)、電視、計算(suàn)機的(de)信息。

人(rén)們習(xí)慣把弱電方面的(de)技術稱之爲弱電技術。可(kě)見智能建築弱電技術基本涵義仍然是原來(lái)意義上的(de)弱電技術。隻不過随著(zhe)現代弱電高(gāo)新技術的(de)迅速發展，智能建築中的(de)弱電技術應用(yòng)越來(lái)越廣泛。 一般情況下(xià)，弱電系統工程指第二類應用(yòng)。

主要包括：1、電視信号工程，如電視監控系統，有線電視。2、通(tōng)信工程，如電話(huà)。3、智能消防工程。4、擴聲與音(yīn)響工程，如小區(qū)的(de)中背景音(yīn)樂(yuè)廣播，建築物(wù)中的(de)背景音(yīn)樂(yuè)。5、綜合布線工程，主要用(yòng)于計算(suàn)機網絡。随著(zhe)計算(suàn)機技術的(de)飛(fēi)速發展，軟硬件功能的(de)迅速強大(dà)，各種弱電系統工程和(hé)計算(suàn)機技術的(de)完美(měi)結合，使以往的(de)各種分(fēn)類不再像以前那麽清晰。各類工程的(de)相互融合，就是系統集成。

常見的(de)弱電系統工作電壓包括：24VAC、16.5VAC、12VDC，有的(de)時(shí)候220VAC也(yě)算(suàn)弱電系統，比如有的(de)由攝像機的(de)工作電壓是220VAC，我們就不能把它們歸入強電系統。弱電系統主要針對(duì)的(de)是建築物(wù)，包括大(dà)廈、小區(qū)、機場(chǎng)、碼頭、鐵路、高(gāo)速公路等。

常見的(de)弱電系統包括：閉路電視監控系統、防盜報警系統、門禁系統、電子巡更系統、停車場(chǎng)管理(lǐ)系統、可(kě)視對(duì)講系統、家庭智能化(huà)系統及安防系統、背景音(yīn)樂(yuè)系統、LED顯示系統、等離子拼接屏系統、DLP大(dà)屏系統、三表抄送系統、樓宇自控系統、防雷與接地系統、尋呼對(duì)講及專業對(duì)講系統、弱電管道系統、UPS不間斷電源系統、機房(fáng)系統、綜合布線系統、計算(suàn)機局域網系統、物(wù)業管理(lǐ)系統、多(duō)功能會議(yì)室系統、有線電視系統、衛星電視系統、衛星通(tōng)訊系統、消防系統、電話(huà)通(tōng)訊系統、酒店(diàn)管理(lǐ)系統、視頻(pín)點播系統、人(rén)力資源管理(lǐ)系統等等。

強電與弱電爲什(shén)麽分(fēn)開

區(qū)分(fēn)強弱電是因爲強弱電之間能不能共槽，否則會幹擾弱電的(de)信息傳輸，影(yǐng)響家中電視、電腦(nǎo)、電話(huà)的(de)使用(yòng)，甚至還(hái)可(kě)能造成火災。

那麽，在強弱電施工中，如何避免弱電被幹擾，以及線路布置中具體有哪些注意事項呢(ne)，主要有以下(xià)5點：

1

強弱電要分(fēn)開

在裝修中，電路布線改造最忌諱的(de)事情，是把所有線路收納到一起。所以在改造電路施工時(shí)，國家标準是：強弱電要分(fēn)開走線，禁止共管共盒，且強弱電之間線路的(de)平行距不得(de)小于30cm。但是考慮到實際情況（現代公寓沒有做(zuò)到30cm以上的(de)條件），講究一些的(de)裝修公司會至少留出15厘米，保證留出距離。這(zhè)個(gè)距離也(yě)能保證不會出現強電幹擾弱電的(de)情況。

2

不同弱電線也(yě)要分(fēn)開

不同的(de)弱電線在一起也(yě)會造成信号幹擾，爲避免這(zhè)種情況，像電話(huà)線、網線、電視線等弱電線在線路作業時(shí)一定要分(fēn)開穿管，不可(kě)共用(yòng)同一條管。

3

布線在前走線在後

無論是強電還(hái)是弱電，在布線施工時(shí)，應遵循先安裝管路再穿線的(de)規則，這(zhè)樣做(zuò)是爲了(le)防止出現無法抽動的(de)現象，方便以後進行維護換線。

4

同一管内線路不宜過多(duō)

在強弱電線路布設時(shí)，所需管數應當根據導線數量而變化(huà)，原則上一根管子不能超過四根導線，千萬不能有導線把管内空間塞滿的(de)情況。像一般彎管的(de)利用(yòng)率在四成到五成之間，直線管可(kě)以稍高(gāo)一些，在五成到六成之間爲宜。

5

忌避免折斷式直角彎

在施工走線中，遇到線路需轉彎的(de)情況，千萬不能出現折斷式的(de)轉直角，這(zhè)樣很可(kě)能會影(yǐng)響信号強度，且造成導線無法穿過的(de)情況，因此，最好采用(yòng)大(dà)彎，金屬角來(lái)過彎連接導線。

High voltage

The concept of strong current is that compared with weak current, there is generally no specific limit of voltage and current.

People's habits are divided into strong electricity (electricity) and weak electricity (information). , there are both connection and difference in general heavy current processing object is energy (electricity), its characteristic is high voltage, large current, large power, low frequency, the main concern is to reduce loss, improve efficiency, the processing of weak current object mainly is information, the information transmission and control, its characteristic is low voltage, small current, power, high frequency and the main consideration is the effect of information transmission problems, such as fidelity of information transmission, speed, breadth, and reliability. Generally speaking, the weak current project includes the television project, the communication project, the fire protection project, the security project, the image project and so on and serves for the above project the synthesis wiring project. Weak electricity is for strong electricity. Strong electric =(380/220), high voltage regardless.

In power system, 36 v called safe voltage, under voltage 3 kv voltages below, 3 kv voltage as high pressure, the line is called distribution circuit of the power supply to the user directly, such as user voltage of 380/220 v, is known as the low voltage power distribution line, is the family is decorated in the high voltage (because it is the highest voltage in the family use). Strong current generally means alternating current voltage in 24V above. Such as the electric light in the family, socket, voltage in 110V~220V. Domestic electric lighting lamps, electric water heater, heater, refrigerator, television, air conditioning, audio equipment and other electrical appliances are strong electric equipment.

The intelligent system consists of building equipment monitoring system, safety prevention system, communication network system, information network system, automatic fire alarm and fire linkage system, etc. It is an integrated system with the purpose of centralized monitoring, control and management. All sorts of data collect inside the home, control, management and communication control or the line such as network system, call intelligent line (namely the weak current that the family decorates in saying). Weak current is to point to direct current circuit commonly or audio, video line, network line, telephone line, dc voltage is in 24V commonly less than. The signal input of telephone, computer and TV set in household electrical appliances (cable TV line), audio equipment (output line) and other electrical appliances are weak current electrical equipment.

Weak current

Weak current is to point to direct current circuit commonly or audio, video line, network line, telephone line, direct current voltage is in commonly 32V less than. The signal input of telephone, computer and TV in household appliances (cable TV line), audio equipment (output line) and other electrical appliances are weak current electrical equipment.

There are mainly two types of weak current in buildings: one is the safety voltage level stipulated by the state and the control of weak voltage and other low-voltage electric energy, which can be divided into ac and dc, such as 24V dc control power supply, or emergency lighting backup power supply. Another is the information source that contains information such as voice, image, data, etc., such as telephone, television, computer information.

The building weak current on narrow sense basically is to point to: security prevent (monitor, perimeter alarm, parking lot), fire protection (electrical part), floor control and network are integrated wiring and audio system.

Strong electricity and weak electricity from the concept, generally easy to distinguish, the main difference is the use of different. Strong electricity is used as a power source, weak electricity is used for information transmission. They differ roughly as follows:

1

Different ac frequency

The frequency of strong electricity is generally 50Hz(Hertz), called "power frequency", which means the frequency of industrial electricity: the frequency of weak electricity is often high frequency or ultra-high frequency, in KHz(KHz), MHz(MHz) meter.

2

Different transmission mode

Strong power is transmitted by transmission line, weak power transmission can be divided into wired and wireless. Radio transmits in electromagnetic waves.

3

Power, voltage and current are different

Strong voltage is generally more than 36V, weak voltage is generally less than 36V.

4

classification

There are mainly two types of weak electricity in buildings: one is the state specified safety voltage level and control voltage and other low voltage electric energy, there are ac and dc points, such as 24V dc control power supply, or emergency lighting backup power supply. Another is the information source that contains information such as voice, image, data, etc., such as telephone, television, computer information.

Functions and applications

Electric power application can be divided into strong and weak electric power according to the strength of electric power transmission. Building and building complex electricity generally refers to ac 220V50Hz and above strong electricity. It mainly provides people with electric energy, which can be converted into other energy, such as air conditioning electricity, lighting electricity, power electricity and so on.

There are mainly two types of weak electricity in intelligent buildings, one is the safety voltage level and control voltage and other low voltage electric energy stipulated by the state, which can be divided into ac and dc, ac under 36V, dc under 24V, such as 24V dc control power supply, or emergency lighting backup power supply. Another is the information source that contains information such as voice, image, data, etc., such as telephone, television, computer information.

People are used to calling weak current technology weak current technology. It can be seen that the basic meaning of weak current technology of intelligent building is still weak current technology in the original sense. However, with the rapid development of modern weak current technology, the application of weak current technology in intelligent buildings is more and more extensive. Generally, weak current system engineering refers to the second class of applications.

Main include: 1, television signal engineering, such as television monitoring system, cable television. 2. Communication engineering, such as telephone. 3. Intelligent fire protection engineering. 4. Sound reinforcement and sound engineering, such as music broadcasting in the middle background of the community and music broadcasting in the background of the building. 5, integrated wiring project, mainly used for computer network. With the rapid development of computer technology, the software and hardware functions of the rapid and powerful, a variety of weak current system engineering and computer technology perfect combination, so that the previous classification is no longer as clear as before. The mutual integration of various projects is system integration.

Common weak current system working voltage includes: 24VAC, 16.5vac, 12VDC, sometimes 220VAC is also weak current system, for example, some by the camera working voltage is 220VAC, we can not put them into the strong current system. Weak current system is mainly aimed at buildings, including buildings, communities, airports, docks, railways, highways and so on.

Common weak current systems include: Closed-circuit television monitoring system, anti-theft alarm system, entrance guard system, electronic patrol system, parking management system, visual intercom, home intelligent system and security system, background music system, LED display system, plasma splicing screen area, DLP systems, systems, building automation systems, lightning protection and grounding system, paging intercom and professional intercom, weak current pipeline system, UPS uninterruptible power supply system, computer system, integrated wiring system, computer local area network (LAN) system, property management system, multi-functional conference room system, cable television system, satellite television system, satellite communication system, fire fighting System, telephone communication system, hotel management system, video vod system, human resource management system and so on.

Why are strong and weak currents separated

Distinguish between strong and weak electricity is because between strong and weak electricity can total slot, otherwise will interfere with the weak electricity information transmission, affect the use of TV, computer, telephone in the home, even may cause a fire.

Then, in the construction of strong and weak electricity, how to avoid the interference of weak electricity, and the specific points for attention in the line layout, mainly include the following five points:

1

Strong and weak electricity should be separated

In decorating, circuit wiring changes the most taboo thing, it is to receive all lines together. So in the construction of the transformation circuit, the national standard is: strong and weak electricity to separate wire, prohibit condominium total box, and the parallel distance between the strong and weak electricity line must not be less than 30cm. But consider actual situation (contemporary apartment did not accomplish the condition of 30cm above), exquisite a few decorate a company to be able to put apart 15 centimeters at least, assure put apart distance. This distance also ensures that strong current will not interfere with weak current.

2

Separate the weak wires

Different weak wire also can cause signal interference together, in order to avoid this kind of circumstance, the weak wire such as telephone line, network line, TV line must be worn separately when line operation, cannot share same tube.

3

Wiring in front and wiring in back

No matter be strong current or weak current, when wiring construction, should follow the rule that installs conduit to traverse again first, do so is to prevent to appear the phenomenon that cannot twitch, undertake maintenance to change a line conveniently later.

4

The same pipe line should not be too much

In the strong and weak electric circuit layout, the number of required tubes should be based on the number of conductors and change, in principle, a tube can not exceed four wires, must not have a wire to fill up the space inside the tube. The utilization rate that resembles general bend tube is between 40 and 50, linear tube can a few taller, it is advisable to be between 50 and 60.

5

Avoid breaking right Angle bend

In construction go through a line, encounter the circumstance that line needs turn, must not appear broken type turn right Angle, such likelihood can affect signal intensity, and cause the case that the wire cannot pass through, accordingly, had better use big bend, metal horn will pass the case that joins a wire.